Coronavirus is a family of common respiratory viruses. There are seven different strains of coronavirus. Four can cause symptoms many people experience in the fall/winter seasons: from the common “cold” with cough and runny nose to flu-like body aches and even a low- grade fever.
SARS-1 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and most recently,SARS-2 COVID-19 are newer coronaviruses that have emerged since about 2002-2003, and may cause more serious illnesses.
Diseases that spread widely are called an epidemic if they are mostly confined to one region of the world. Pandemics refer to diseases that rapidly spread out of a region, around the world. SARS-1 first appeared in China in 2002-2003. It was classified as an epidemic, even though it spread to 26 countries. SARS 1 did spread beyond China but was not considered serious enough to be a pandemic. It had a case fatality rate of about 9.6%.
SARS-1 lasted about two seasons, and then subsided. However, because of its infectious properties, various research labs began to study the SARS-1 virus for different reasons. During these years, the virus was known to have escaped at least six times from several labs in China, causing illness outbreaks.
MERS was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Contagion reports were similar to SARS-1, but the fatality rate was much more deadly at 34.4%. MERS subsided and there have been few cases reported since the outbreak.
SARS-2 COVID-19 has been a different story. The actual infecting virus has been named SARS-2 or SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2) and is reported to be 79% identical to the genetic sequence of SARS 1. The name that was finally given to the “disease” is COVID-19 (short for Corona Virus Disease-2019).
SARS-2 virus and the illness, COVID 19, are classified as a pandemic because of its rapid, global spread.